*Grammar or
tata bahasa*
1.
“Grammar
adalah aturan yang
menerangkan bagaimana kata digabungkan, disusun atau diubah untuk menunjukkan
beberapa jenis makna.”
“The rules
that show how words are combined, arranged or changed to show certain kinds of
meaning.”
Jenis-Jenis Tenses Bahasa Inggris
2. Pengertian Tenses
Kata Tenses berasal dari kata TEMPUS (bahasa latin) yang berarti waktu/time, dan diperoleh melalui Bahasa Prancis yaitu Temps.
2. Pengertian Tenses
Kata Tenses berasal dari kata TEMPUS (bahasa latin) yang berarti waktu/time, dan diperoleh melalui Bahasa Prancis yaitu Temps.
3. Tenses adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja dalam tata bahasa yang menunjukan waktu terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa dan tahap penyelesaiannya.
Ada 16 bentuk tenses. Berikut ini contoh-contoh tenses serta rumusnya:
KELOMPOK PRESENT (WAKTU SEKARANG) ITU DI BAGI KEDALAM 4 GOLONGAN
1. Simple Present Tense (waktu sekarang)
She writes some letters now (active)
Dia menulis beberapa surat sekarang
[S + Verb1 + O/C]
Some letters are written by her now (passive)
Beberapa surat ditulis oleh dia sekarang
[S + To Be(am,are,is) + Verb3 + O]
2. Present Continuous Tense (sedang berlangsung)
She is writing some letters now (active)
Dia sedang menulis beberapa surat sekarang
[S + To Be(am,are,is) + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters are being written by her now (passive)
Beberapa surat sedang ditulis oleh dia sekarang
[S + To Be(am,are,is) + being + Verb3 + O]
3. Present Perfect Tense (telah dikerjakan)
She has written some letters (active)
Dia telah menulis beberapa surat
[S + have,has + Verb3 + O/C]
Some letters have been written by her (passive)
Beberapa surat telah ditulis oleh dia
[S + have,has + been + Verb3+ O]
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense (telah sedang dikerjakan)
She has been writing some letters for two hours (active)
Dia telah sedang menulis beberapa surat selama 2 jam
[S + have,has + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters have been being written by her for two hours (passive)
Beberapa surat telah sedang ditulis oleh dia selama 2 jam
[S + have,has + been + being + Verb3 + O]
KELOMPOK FUTURE (YANG AKAN DATANG) ITU DI BAGI KEDALAM 4 GOLONGAN
1. Simple Future Tense
She will write some letters tomorrow (active)
Dia akan menulis beberapa surat besok
[S + shall/will + Verb1 + O/C]
Some letters will be written by her tomorrow (passive)
Beberapa surat akan ditulis oleh dia besok
[S + shall/will + be + Verb3 + O]
2. Future Continuous Tense
She will be writing some letters tomorrow (active)
Dia akan sedang menulis beberapa surat besok
[S + shall/will + be + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters will be being written by her tomorrow (passive)
Beberapa surat akan sedang ditulis oleh dia besok
[S + shall/will + be + being + Verb3 + O]
3. Future Perfect Tense
She will have written some letters (active)
Dia akan telah menulis beberapa surat
[S + shall/will + have + Verb3 + O/C]
Some letters will have been written by her (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah ditulis oleh dia
[S + shall/will + have + been + Verb3 + O]
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
She will have been writing some letters (active)
Dia akan telah sedang menulis beberapa surat
[s + shall/will + have + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters will have been being written by her (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia
[S + shall/will + have + been + being + Verb3 + O]
KELOMPOK PAST FUTURE (YANG AKAN
DATANG DI MASA LAMPAU)
ITU DI BAGI
KEDALAM 4 GOLONGAN
1. Past Future Tense
She would write some letters when you came (active)
Dia akan menulis beberapa surat ketika kamu datang
[S + should,would + Verb1 + O/C]
Some letters would be written by her when you came (passive)
Beberapa surat akan ditulis oleh dia ketika kamu datang
[S + should,would + be + Verb3 + O]
2. Past Future Continuous Tense
She would be writing some letters on Monday last week (active)
Dia akan sedang menulis beberapa surat pada hari Senin minggu lalu
[S + should,would + be +(Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters would be being written by her on Monday last week (passive)
Beberapa surat akan sedang ditulis oleh dia pada hari Senin minggu lalu
[S + shoul,would + be + being + Verb3 + O]
3. Past Future Perfect Tense
She would have written some letters if you hadn’t come here (active)
Dia akan telah menulis beberapa surat jika kamu belum datang kesini
[S + should,would + have + Verb3 + O/C]
Some letters would have been written by her if you hadn’t come here (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia jika kamu belum datang kesini
[S + should,would + have + been + Verb3 + O]
4. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
She would have been writing some letters by March this year (active)
Dia akan telah sedang menulis beberapa surat menjelang Maret tahun ini
[S + should,would + have + been + (Verb1+ing) + O/C]
Some letters would have been being written by her by March this year (passive)
Beberapa surat akan telah sedang ditulis oleh dia menjelang Maret tahun ini
[S + should,would + have + been + being + Verb3 + O]
JENIS KATA KETERANGAN (Adverb)
1 Verb Verba atau kata kerja (misalnya: be, have, do, like, work, sing, can, must)
2 Noun Nomina atau kata benda (misalnya: pen, dog, work, music, town, London, teacher, John)
3 Adjective Adjectiva atau kata sifat (misalnya: good, big, red, well, interesting)
4 Adverb Adverbia atau kata keterangan (misalnya: quickly, silently, well, badly, very, really)
5 Pronoun Pronomina atau kata ganti (misalnya: I, you, he, she, someone)
6 Preposition Preposisi atau kata depan (misalnya: to, at, after, on, but)
7 Conjunction Konjungsi kata hubung atau kata sambung (misalnya: and, but, when)
8 Interjection Interjeksi atau kata seru (misalnya: oh!, , hi!, ,ouch! well! )
9 Determiner Determiner atau kata pembatas atau kata sandang (misalnya: a, an, the, this, that, these, those, 78, some, any) =========singular/tunggal / ganji /tidak umum
Key
: - Be practises
- improve vocabulary
- used
Kata
kerja dalam bahasa Inggris juga dinyatakan dalam voice. Voice adalah
istilah tata bahasa Inggris yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan kata
kerja dan subjek (pokok kalimat).
Dalam bahasa Inggris dikenal dua voice, yaitu active dan passive.
Dalam kalimat passive, subjeknya dikenai atau menerima pekerjaan. Sedangkan kalimat active, subjeknya yang melakukan suatu tindakan atau pekerjaan.
Kalimat passive dibentuk dari dua bagian: to be + past participle.
Contoh active verbs dalam kalimat:
- I write a letter.
- He is buying a car.
- I keep the butter in the fridge.
- They stole the painting.
- The executive committee approved the new policy.
Contoh passive verbs dalam kalimat:
- A letter is written by me.
- A car is being bought by him.
- The butter is kept in the fridge.
- The painting was stolen.
- The new policy was approved by the executive committee.
Dalam bahasa Inggris dikenal dua voice, yaitu active dan passive.
Dalam kalimat passive, subjeknya dikenai atau menerima pekerjaan. Sedangkan kalimat active, subjeknya yang melakukan suatu tindakan atau pekerjaan.
Kalimat passive dibentuk dari dua bagian: to be + past participle.
Contoh active verbs dalam kalimat:
- I write a letter.
- He is buying a car.
- I keep the butter in the fridge.
- They stole the painting.
- The executive committee approved the new policy.
Contoh passive verbs dalam kalimat:
- A letter is written by me.
- A car is being bought by him.
- The butter is kept in the fridge.
- The painting was stolen.
- The new policy was approved by the executive committee.